1. Objectives of Dual Prevention Mechanism Development

Establishing the Dual Prevention Mechanism aims to foster societal consensus on:

• Effectively controlling risks
• Investigating/treating hidden dangers
• Preventing major accidents
  It promotes:
  ✓ Enterprise self-identification/control of safety risks and self-inspection/resolution of hidden dangers
  ✓ Strong government leadership with effective departmental supervision
  ✓ Defined corporate accountability and structured public participation
  This enables enterprises to establish sustainable operational mechanisms, clarifies governmental responsibilities, enhances holistic safety predictive control capabilities, and strengthens foundations for preventing major accidents.

2. Relationship Between Hidden Danger Investigation/Treatment and Risk Grading Control

These systems maintain a complementary and mutually reinforcing relationship:

• ‌Risk Grading Control‌ forms the foundation:
  • Eliminates/reduces risks at source
  • Decreases accident probability and severity
• ‌Hidden Danger Investigation/Treatment‌ deepens risk control:
  • Identifies failures in control measures
  • Drives corrective actions
  • Validates risk assessment accuracy
    Together they establish dual protective barriers that effectively prevent major accidents.

3. How the Dual Prevention Mechanism Prevents Major Accidents

This continuously operating safety management system:

1. Targets effective risk control and hidden danger resolution
2. Enhances holistic predictive safety capabilities
3. Addresses critical elements through:
   • Major hazard source control
   • Personnel exposure reduction
   • Management vulnerability reinforcement
4. Prioritizes major risk control (problem-oriented approach)
5. Enforces time-bound treatment of critical hidden dangers (goal-oriented approach)

4. Core Framework of the Dual Prevention Mechanism

Two Interconnected Firewalls:

‌Firewall 1: Risk Governance‌

• Systematic risk identification and grading
• Confining risks within acceptable thresholds
• Preventing hidden danger formation at source

‌Firewall 2: Hazard Elimination‌

• Detecting control gaps and implementation failures
• Eliminating dangers before accidents occur

Proper risk control prevents hidden dangers; timely danger treatment prevents accidents.

5. Implementation Principles

Principle	Key Focus
‌Risk-First‌	Make risk identification/control the primary defense
‌System Approach‌	Cover human-machine-environment-management factors across operational lifecycles
‌Full Participation‌	Assign responsibilities across all organizational levels
‌Continuous Improvement‌	Regular updates of risk controls and danger investigations

6. Sustainable Operation Mechanisms

1. ‌Integrated Systems‌: Merge risk control and danger management into unified workflows
2. ‌Dynamic Updates‌: Regularly refresh:
   • Risk registers
   • Danger inventories
   • Risk distribution maps
3. ‌Performance Evaluation‌: Conduct periodic mechanism assessments
4. ‌Source Control‌:
   • Restrict high-risk projects
   • Enhance major risk controls
   • Ensure emergency readiness

7. Digitalization Considerations

‌Critical Actions‌:

• Electronically manage risk/danger registries
• Develop digital risk distribution maps
• Integrate major risk monitoring data
• Leverage existing safety management systems
• Achieve integrated risk/hidden danger platforms to eliminate information silos

8. Streamlined Implementation for SMEs

‌Practical Approaches‌:

1. Conduct comprehensive staff training on:
   • Risk prioritization concepts
   • Basic risk management methods
2. Engage experts for initial risk identification
3. Develop simple systems using:
   • Post-specific risk notification cards
   • Practical inspection checklists
4. Prioritize controlling high risks over bureaucratic documentation

Avoid ineffective outsourcing – focus on essential controls rather than paperwork compliance.

9. Relevant Provisions in the Work Safety Law

Article 4
Enterprises must:

• Establish dual prevention mechanisms (risk grading control + hidden danger investigation/treatment)
• Develop risk mitigation frameworks

Article 21(5)
Primary responsible persons must:

• Implement dual prevention mechanisms
• Eliminate production safety accident hazards

Article 41
Enterprises shall:

• Establish risk grading control systems
• Develop hidden danger investigation/treatment protocols
• Record and disclose treatment status
• Report major hidden dangers to authorities

Article 96
Penalties for management failures:

• Fines: ¥10,000–30,000
• Qualification suspension/revocation
• Criminal liability where applicable

Article 101(4)-(5)
Violations include:

• Absence of risk grading controls
• Failure to implement required controls
• Lack of hidden danger investigation systems
  ‌Penalties‌:
• Corrective orders → Fines up to ¥200,000 → Criminal liability